July 2010 ★ This Month in Immigration News

The Department of Justice challenged the state of Arizona’s recently passed immigration law, S.B. 1070, in federal court on July 6, 2010. The Department has requested a preliminary injunction to enjoin enforcement of the law, arguing that the law’s operation will cause irreparable harm.

In a brief filed in the District of Arizona, the Department said S.B. 1070 unconstitutionally interferes with the federal government’s authority to set and enforce immigration policy, explaining that “the Constitution and federal law do not permit the development of a patchwork of state and local immigration policies throughout the country.” Having enacted its own immigration policy that conflicts with federal immigration law, Arizona “crossed a constitutional line.”

The Department also argued that S.B. 1070 will place significant burdens on federal agencies, diverting their resources from high-priority targets. In addition, the Department expressed concerns that the law would result in the harassment and detention of foreign visitors and legal immigrants, as well as U.S. citizens, who cannot readily prove their lawful status.

In declarations filed with the brief, Arizona law enforcement officials, including the Chiefs of Police of Phoenix and Tucson, said that S.B. 1070 will hamper their ability to police their communities effectively. The chiefs said that victims of or witnesses to crimes would be less likely to contact or cooperate with law enforcement officials and that implementation of the law would require them to reassign officers from critical areas such as violent crimes, property crimes, and home invasions.

The Department said it filed the suit after extensive consultation with Arizona officials, law enforcement officers and groups, and civil rights advocates. The suit was filed on behalf of the Departments of Justice, Homeland Security, and State, which share responsibilities in administering federal immigration laws.

“Arizonans are understandably frustrated with illegal immigration, and the federal government has a responsibility to comprehensively address those concerns,” Attorney General Eric Holder commented. “But diverting federal resources away from dangerous aliens such as terrorism suspects and aliens with criminal records will impact the entire country’s safety. Setting immigration policy and enforcing immigration laws is a national responsibility. Seeking to address the issue through a patchwork of state laws will only create more problems than it solves.”

Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano said that when she was governor of Arizona, with the strong support of state and local law enforcement, she vetoed several similar pieces of legislation “because they would have diverted critical law enforcement resources from the most serious threats to public safety and undermined the vital trust between local jurisdictions and the communities they serve. We are actively working with members of Congress from both parties to comprehensively reform our immigration system at the federal level.” While this effort progresses, she said, the Department of Homeland Security “will continue to enforce the laws on the books by enhancing border security and removing criminal aliens from this country.”

The Department’s announcement is available online. Links to the complaint filed and other case documents are provided at the bottom of that page.

Nonimmigrant visa applicants may now schedule interview appointments at any U.S. Consular Section in China, regardless of the province or city where they live. Consular Sections are located at the U.S. Embassy in Beijing and U.S. Consulates General in Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Shenyang. The U.S. Embassy in Beijing noted that although the basic application process is the same, specific times and application procedures at each visa issuing office may vary. Before applying for a visa, applicants should check each post’s Web site for procedures specific to that post. In 2009, the U.S. Embassy in Beijing noted, almost half a million people received nonimmigrant visas in China.

Other Resources:

• The notice (online)
• Information about making an appointment

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has extended the designation of El Salvador for temporary protected status (TPS) for 18 months, from its current expiration date of September 9, 2010, through March 9, 2012.

The notice also sets forth procedures necessary for nationals of El Salvador (or those having no nationality who last habitually resided in El Salvador) with TPS to re-register and to apply for an extension of their employment authorization documents (EADs) with USCIS. Re-registration is limited to persons who previously registered for TPS under the designation of El Salvador and whose applications have been granted or remain pending. Certain nationals of El Salvador (or those having no nationality who last habitually resided in El Salvador) who have not previously applied for TPS may be eligible to apply under the late initial registration provisions.

New EADs with a March 9, 2012, expiration date will be issued to eligible TPS beneficiaries who timely re-register and apply for EADs. Given the timeframes involved with processing TPS re-registration applications, USCIS said it recognizes the possibility that all re-registrants may not receive new EADs until after their current EADs expire on September 9, 2010. Accordingly, the notice automatically extends the validity of EADs issued under the TPS designation of El Salvador for six months, through March 9, 2011, and explains how TPS beneficiaries and their employers may determine which EADs are automatically extended.

The extension of the TPS designation is effective September 10, 2010, and will remain in effect through March 9, 2012. The 60-day re-registration period begins July 9, 2010, and will remain in effect until September 7, 2010.

The notice is available as a downloadable PDF. A Q&A is available online.

The Department of State has published a notice in the Federal Register that explains when fingerscans and other biometric identifiers are required, and notes exceptions to the general requirements.

The notice (PDF) explains that the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002 has required, since October 26, 2004, that all visas issued by the Department of State (DOS) must be machine-readable and tamper-resistant and use biometric identifiers. DOS determined, in consultation with the Departments of Homeland Security (DHS) and Justice (DOJ), that fingerprints and a photo image should be required as biometric identifiers. When the biometric visa program began, available technology allowed for the efficient capture and comparisons of only two fingerscans. As a result of technological improvements, DOS instituted a 10-fingerscan standard.

DOS’s Biometric Visa Program is a partner program to DHS’s US-VISIT program in effect at U.S. ports of entry that uses the same biometric identifiers. The DOS notice explains that fingerscans and photos of visa applicants are sent to DHS databases. When a person to whom a visa has been issued arrives at a port of entry, his or her photo is retrieved from a database and projected on the computer screen of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer, who compares the person’s fingerscans to the fingerscans in the database.

Certain exemptions to the fingerscans under the Biometric Visa Program have been coordinated with DHS to coincide with the exemptions to fingerscans under US-VISIT. Under the Biometric Visa Program, applicants for diplomatic or official visas, for visas to represent their governments at recognized international organizations such as the United Nations or for visas to serve as employees of such organizations, for NATO visas, or for government officials on official transit through the U.S. are exempt from the fingerscans. The aforementioned are represented by these visa categories: A-1, A-2, G-1, G-2, G-3, G-4, NATO-1, NATO-2, NATO-3, NATO-4, NATO-5, NATO-6 and C-3 (except for attendants, servants, or personal employees of accredited officials).

In addition, the notice states, persons under age 14 and persons age 80 or above are generally exempt from the fingerscans, unless the person is applying for a visa at a consular post in Mexico and in Yemen. In Mexico, fingerscans are required for applicants beginning at age 7 and above under the program for issuance of biometric Border Crossing Cards (commonly known as “laser visas”), which began in 1998. DOS recently expanded that policy to include visa applicants in Yemen, and may further expand it to include additional countries in the future. DOS retains the authority to require fingerscans of children under age 14 or adults age 80 or above in all other countries.

All visa applicants must submit a photograph with the visa application, the notice explains, except at consular posts in Mexico where most nonimmigrant visa applicants have a live-capture photo taken at the post. All persons, regardless of whether they submit fingerscans, are reviewed against the Department’s facial recognition database.

The Department of Labor’s Employment and Training Administration (ETA) launched a new National Electronic Job Registry for H-2A job orders on July 8, 2010. Under a final rule published in February 2010, the agency must post all job orders filed in connection with H-2A applications until the end of 50 percent of the contract period. This requirement, the notice explains, is intended to “improve the transparency of agricultural jobs available to U.S. workers and provide an unprecedented level of public access to one of the most frequently requested types of records maintained by the Department.”

The job order information is searchable by common data points such as case number, employer name, area of intended employment, work contract period, job title, and primary crop or agricultural activity. All search results are displayed in a table format with sortable column headers. The public is able to view a summary of the job order as well as download a copy of the entire job order and all attachments in Adobe PDF format.

The Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) noted that since March 15, 2010, it has received more than 620 H-2A applications requesting nearly 11,000 workers. Approximately 450 active H-2A job orders are available to the public.

Public access to the job registry is available through the OFLC iCERT Visa Portal System at http://icert.doleta.gov. Questions related to job orders placed on the H-2A job registry may be e-mailed to H-2Ajobregistry.chicago@dol.gov. This H-2A job registry Help Desk e-mailbox is monitored from 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Central Time, Monday through Friday. Members of the public may also call the job registry Help Desk at (312) 886-8000 (not toll-free).

Resources:

• The notice, which was published on July 1, 2010, and includes additional details about how the registry will be updated (PDF)
• Fact sheet (PDF)